2
  -2022
..  

( )
:      :100
:    -    ,          
           
-
1.   -            
    
2.                   
 ?    
-
3.                 
     '     ?  
4.              
   
2
-
5.               
6.       
-
7.       '  
8.   -           ?  
2
  -2022
..  

( )
:      :100
:    -    ,          
           
-
1.   -            
    
:1. - :     
 :
          ?     ? 
  ?   ?   ?
 :
   
       ,     
       :    ?     
   ?      
 -      '
         
  ,            
 ,              
 
   ?    ""     ?
                
 ,                
  ,        
2
2. -:   
 :
-  :  ? 
    
  ?   ?
      ?
 :

  " "      ,  '  , 
               
 ,       
       ,      ?    ? 
 ,       (  COVID-19 ) 
         ' ,   
           
 , -             
 '    ?        ?    
        
3.  ( ):     
 :
   '      '     ,      
  :     ?      ?     
 ?
 :
      ,         
   ,    -   
     '         
       ?   
    
  ?
 ,  ,     
         
      
       
 
      '         ?   
     ?       
      
2
4. :   
 :
          
       ,  
      ,      
 :
   ,   ,       YouTube 
         '  ,  
      
   " "   ,      
            :    
 ?    ?
  ,        '   
, ,   -    '    ,
     
,       
5.  :     
 :
       :   ?    ? 
    
 ?
 :
   ,         
   
, , , ,          
 , NFT ,       -      
       
       
, ,          
              
     ,    ,   
 
6.  :     
 :
   :   ?    
 ?   
   ?
2
 :
  ,   ,          
     ,      
    ,          
          ?     ?

          ?
   ,      
   
  ,            
7.   :    
 :
  , , ,   -     '  
 :
  ,      ,      
       ?    '     ?
     ,    ?      -  

    ,   
       ?
   , ,  ,     
  -   
:    
  
                   
  ,   ,    ,   ,    ,
           
,  ,       ,     
,         
    , 
       
      
 -        
2
2.                   
 ?    
: :    
 ,  ,             
          :
    
  ( , , , )
 
 
 
      
         
,      
, ,          :
    
 
 
  - 
 () 
 
    
   
 
 ,     '   ,    , 
   '   
     
-   ,            
    
1.     
             ,   
   : "  ?"  " ()  ?"  ,    
  : "   ?"  "  ?"
2.    
              
        ,    
     '            
3.       
      :
2

 
?
     ?
    ?     ,      
  
4.     
        ,    
             
 ,         
     
      ,        :
1.   
 ,       
 ,        
     '    ,     
         
2.   
    '   
  ,  ,    '   
 ,              ' 
  ,            
  
3.    
               
  ,       
   ,   '       ,
   ,    
4. 
   , ,     
      
         ,      

2
  
             :
             
      
            
    
-,   -       
   
 ,     ,       
    
      '       ,    
        
,         ?
  
        -       
,    ,   -   
    
:
          
         
       
        
   
:
     - 
  
    ,     
    
  ,      ,      
  
  
,            ?       
          
                   
                 -
  
,   
2
 ,                 
 ,             ,  
     
   
   ,         - 
    
,          
           
   
 
'    ,  : ,          
  

              
      
-
3.                 
     '     ?  
:-:     
          ,     

 ,   , , , , ,        
                  
        - ,       
    ,            
 
 ; ,       
 
    ,
,          ,   
     ,       
    
      ,         
 :
1. 
2
               
    '     
, ,        , 
       
2. 
    
         
  
                
 ,   

3. 
      
           
     
;    
 
 
4.   -
          ,    , , 
             ,    
 
5.   -
     ,           
 
      
      - , , ,  
    -     
6.   
      
 -      ,  
             -  
       -   
    
           -      
         :
1.    
         
   
    
 
    
    
   
   
2
       
      
    
                
       
2. ,    
            
      
  
  
  
     
   
     
           
3.    
      '        
  
  
-  
      
  
   
 ,          
      
4.  
       ,      
 
 ,      
      
      
      
          ,    ,  
          
2
   :
1.    
      '      
            , "   
"                 

2. 

               
  
                 
            
  
3.     
    , ,      
"    "           

        
4.  
     ',  -      ,
  
 ,    
    
                 
  
5.      
                  
  ,          "   " 
       
      
           :
    : ,        
            
 :    -    
          
 
 :    ,    
        
2
 :     ,   '   
       

                 
     
     ,      
,     ,          
   ,             
 
 ,     
      ,   
    ,      ,     
         -     
4.              
   
:I.        
       '   : ,  
     :
1.     
   
  -  ,   
     
    ,   ,  
      
             
2.      
    ,  ,      
 
     ,      
       
            
3.     
2
 ,          
     
 
     ,     
        
     ,      
  
4.    
     ,      
            ,
    -  
5.    
        
 (- )   ( -- ) 
 
       '   
    
6.      -  
 , ,    ,   
 
,              
       
7. -    -  
      ,  
-           
 
8.     
     (, , )    
 
      '     
II.      
   -       -   
  
,   ,    - 

            :
2
1.    ())
    "" (),    - '   
         - ,  

            
 
            


2.  
              
   50         , , , 
          
       ,       
 
3.  :   
     ,   "   "     
 
    
         
,  
     
4.      
   , -20, ,  -  (NAM) 
       
  
,  ,       

    " " '  ,    "  
"
5.     
            

-19  ,   " " ( )  , 90   
 
2
     
;   ,     
  
6.     
             
  21          
         
       
 ,  
 ,
   
 
7.    
           
   (ISA)   
,    '
              
         -     
 
8.      
           - 
   
    ,        

          
 -      
        ,     
   ,    ,     
   ,   ,   - 
               
'                ,
              
 
 
        ,         
,   

2
-
5.               
:      ,         
          
,   , 
                    
           
,  
     
,             ,
     
       ,        
 
󷉸󷉹󷉺       :   
15
       -      
   -   '  - ""   ,   
              
          ,     
     
         1469   (   
)                
 :
"  ,  " ("  
,   
")
   ,    
,         

  ,          
, ,  
  '   
      
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  ?
,   ,             

  (  ,   )      ,  
     '      
        
2
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷       :
1.  
 :          '
                   
      
"  ,  " ("     ,   
       ")
2.     :        
,       
3.  :       '       

 ,    ,      ,  
         
4.     :   - ,     
  -       
      

      -  
󷌭󷌮󷌯󷌰󷌱󷌲󷌳󷌴󷌵󷌶󷌷󷌸󷌹󷌺󷌻󷌼󷌽󷌾  ?
      , , ,       ,  '
  ()             
   '        (       
 )   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
     :
1.  :             , 
               
  '         
2.  (): ,            
                
 
3.   :-    
 -     
              

             
4.  :    
       
          ,     
  
     
2
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂      
 - 
     ,          
    
;   ,      
  
    ,              
                
        
            ,   , 
      '            
     ,   ,         

,            ,      
       ,        , ,
       
󹸯󹸭󹸮 :        
        
  ;     
         :




    
 
   

,     

    

  
    

   
     
 
         
   -   , , 
   -    
        
     
           
    
󹻊󹻋󹻌󹻎󹻍  
       (  ),  ()   () '   
                -
2
 ,  ,    -       
 
  
  :
    

     
        
   ,   ,      '     ,  
 
            
     ',       
 - 
 ,        ,    
        ,     
 -   
   ,         '      
6.       
:󷉃󷉄    :   
  ( 1863   )      
    ,       "   " -    
         
 
     ,      ,      
       ,          
    '    
       ,
   ,         
,   
 
󷇱󷇳󷇲    
         
   
      :
   -        
    () 
 
       -      
;   
2
     -  -          
   
   -        
,    -       
      -     
󷸈󷸉󷸊󷸋1.   
                  
:
"    '  "
                  
     
       
 
   
        -  
  
 ? ,    ,  ?     
󺚕󺚖󺚗󺚘󺚙󺚚󺚧󺚛󺚜󺚝󺚞󺚟󺚠󺚡󺚢󺚣󺚤󺚥󺚦󺚨2.        
            " " - 
   '  
           
 
  :
"  
 ,      -       
    "
  1897            
, 
,  ,      
     

            
; 
             ,     
  
2
󼨐󼨑󼨒3.    -  
  ,   ,          - 

   
   
        
,     , 
      
          
    ,
 
    '       
󷆫󷆪4.   
            -     
    
  ,     

1893      ,       :
"    ..."
           
  
? 
  ,  
         ,   
            ,  
         
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂5.       
 ,         
      
      :
"        "
         ,   ,  -
      
     ,  
    
         -    -   
   
󹱊󹱋󹱌󹱍󹱎    
        :
2
  
  ' 
  ' 
  ' 
  
              -    
 -      "      "    
       
󹻊󹻋󹻌󹻎󹻍      
   ,     :
 

 
 
           
      
,      
      ,      '  
  
󷉪󷉫󷉬󷉮󷉭󷉯󷉰󷉱󷉲󷉳:       
 ,         ,     
  ,  ,           
   
  :
        
       
    
  - 
    :
"  
     
 ,   
     "
       
 -       
            
2
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :       


  
   
   
        
-
      
  
       
 
      
 
   

      
 
     ,     
 
-
7.       '  
: 1. :   
                
,            ,    
       
 :      , , , , 
- :  ,   -, -,   
:       ''   ,    ,
       
:    ,      
    -       - 

 
2
2. :    
                 
      , , ,      
:
      
     
        
            
          
3. :    
- , , , , 
    ,      
 -             

:
, ,  ,   
  ,        -

  ,    - '    

-  
?
  ,  , ,          
  -        
4. :    
                 "
  "   
     :
a) -
 -          
   
 '     
2
:"" ,   ,  '   
)  ()
  '             
  
: ,  ,    
             
   
  
5. :    
           , , 
   
 :, ,   
 :, ,   
:,     
 , -,            
              
6. -  :   
            '    
    
 :      
:      ,  
:    -     
:  ,    ,    
-            
     
7. :  
           '      
          
:
2
 '  
    
   
    ,        , 
      
 
8.  :   
          
 
: , , , , , 
           
 
  :
 , ,        
 
 (),   ,         
 
 
9. - :    
  , -, , , ,  -        
     
   , -     
 ,  
      
 :
"  " (  )      
       
10.   :    
           ,     ,
    
 
:
  , ,   
     
        
2
         
      
:  -    
            ,    
         
   
  ,  
   
,            ,    
- ,          
 
 
           ,    
    ,        -
      
 
    ,         -

     
;         
8.   -           ?  
:󷆫󷆪   
       ,    ""   
      
 ,  , ,  
             ,   
             , 
   ,    ,  
 ,  ,  
    
:   ,   ,  
󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷  
       ,    " " 
      , -, , ,  , , ,
-               
       ,    
    
,     
     
        
2
:        -   
  ' 
󼨻󼨼  
       -        

 
1.  
       
 , ,  ,  
, -         
2.   
    
, ,   , 
         
 
3.   
     
  '         
  ,     
4.    
       
: (),  (),   ()
,       
5.   
     
,   , , , 
:   ,    
6.   
   , ,    
  
     
 
7.   
,   
     
2
8.    
   
, , ,    
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍:         
   
       
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
,      ,     
1. 
  
 ,        
:, , , 
2. -  
  ,        
:  ,   , 
3. -  
        
,   ,   
        
4.   
    
 ,               
  
5.   
   
    

  , , ,        
6. ,   
,     
-, ,  , 
        
2
7.   
    ,       
 
:     - 
8.    
       
, ,  
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍:             
 ,   ,          .
󷃆󷄣󷄤    



  

, , 

, ,   
  

   

     


 
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔        
 - ,     -  
          -     
           
:      (, , )     
  ( ,        )
2
     ,          ,  
   ,       -     
      
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷
        :   ,    
 
 ,   ,   
 ;   
 ,  
 ,  - 
 
     ,          
   ,              
  '         ,       
       ,     
   ,
    

"                

       ,         "